Indonesia's armed forces, comprising the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Army, boast approximately 400,000 active-duty soldiers and a defense budget expected to rise to $9.7 billion by 2028. Indonesia's military modernization efforts focus on enhancing air and naval capabilities in response to regional maritime challenges.
However, each ASEAN member state has unique strengths and challenges. Vietnam excels in coastal defense but grapples with outdated equipment and budget constraints. Thailand has a competent military but faces significant political instability and funding limitations.
Singapore's technologically advanced military is notable despite its small manpower pool and reliance on imported equipment. The Philippines is steadily improving its military capabilities amid budget constraints and South China Sea disputes. Myanmar, with a significant military presence, deals with complex civil-military relations and severe human rights concerns.
Joint exercises, intelligence sharing, and diplomatic efforts through platforms like the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) and the ADMM-Plus are vital for fostering military cooperation, promoting peace, and ensuring a stable Southeast Asia.Malaysia maintains a capable military but struggles with budget limitations and personnel shortages. Regional cooperation and stability are crucial for addressing these challenges and enhancing collective security within ASEAN.
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